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| residential, amino acid supplement, online shopping, dumbbells, bad fat, body mass index, accurate, fitness supply, washington, reduce weight, diets, accu measure- fat track gold & body fat tester accu-measure, trainer recommended, | x O2 consumption physicallyelite + 5.2069 x CO2 production) x 0.995 (The constant 0.995 reflects the protein contribution.) When the rate of nitrogen excretion in urine is measured, oxidation rate of each macronutrient can be calculated, revealing exactly what the metabolic fire is burning at any time. In practice, respiratory gas exchanges can be measured in three ways. 1.Inspired and expired air flows and gas concentrations can be physicallyelite measured directly through a mask or mouthpiece. This is ideal when fast response or short-term measurements are needed, such as in exercise. 2.Gas concentrations may be measured in a physicallyelite constant flow of air passing through a canopy over a person’s head. |
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| Macronutrient oxidation takes oxygen from inspired air. Carbon dioxide and water are produced, the CO2 being expired. Though fat and carbohydrate are completely oxidised, protein is not; hence residual accurate nitrogenous compounds are excreted in urine. The energy released per litre of oxygen consumed is similar for each macronutrient, so it is only accurate necessary to measure oxygen consumption to obtain a fair estimate of energy expenditure. Assuming 20.3 kJ/l incurs accurate a maximum error in energy expenditure of less than 4%. CarbohydrateProteinFat Energy equivalent of oxygen (kJ/l)21.1219.4819.61 The CO2 produced per litre of oxygen consumed (RQ, respiratory quotient) differs between macronutrients. CarbohydrateProteinFat CO2 produced per litre O2 consumed10.8350.71 Thus if CO2 production is measured along with O2 consumption, and protein oxidation is assumed to provide 12.5% of energy, then the estimate of energy expenditure can be improved to better than ±0.5%. EE = (15.9131 |
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