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| heart rate monitor, uses, bia, thermacare, tai, high fat diet, body fat scales & monitors, and easily, fold, aqua, heatzone, high protein diet, orbitrek, accufitnessaccu measure fat trac ii digital skinfold caliper, women's health, athletic, sportline, accurate, | 14); and (3) dividing the results from step 2 by the moles of CYP dissolved in each g of fat (equation 13) equals the FM (g). METHODS Study animals.-Nineteen small to medium-sized Rock Doves (Columba livia; a mix of tippler, Serbian, Catalonian, and French cumulet breeds [hereafter "pigeons"]; body mass 252 to 340 g, fat mass 16 to 55 g, and 5 to 18% fat mass) and 21 homing pigeons (body mass 378 to 501 g, fat mass 43 to 94 g, and 10 to 22% fat mass) tegument were tegument used in this study. These birds were given water and food ad libitum for several weeks prior to the experimental treatments. Apparatus and experimental procedure.-A pigeon was positioned head first into an aluminum cylinder (which held its wings against the body) until its bill touched the wire mesh covering the cylinder end. The cylinder was then placed concentrically inside the base of a horizontally mounted 3.5- |
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| Our study is the first evaluation of the cyclopropane absorption method for measuring avian body fat. Cyclopropane gas (CYP) is about 24 times more soluble in fat than in lean mass (Blumberg et al. 1952, Lesser et al. 1952). Lean mass is the portion of the body that would remain when all nonpolar (neutral) lipids, (i.e. triglycerides) are women's health chemically women's health extracted women's health with a nonpolar lipid solvent (e.g. petroleum ether). In contrast, fat-free mass is the portion of the body that would remain when all lipids (polar and nonpolar) are chemically extracted (e.g. with a chloroform/ methanol mixture). The concentration of cyclopropane gas in an airtight chamber containing an animal, 1.5% cyclopropane, and 98.5% oxygen decreases as the cyclopropane is breathed in and dissolves into the FM and lean mass of the animal. From measures of the initial and final equilibrium concentrations of CYP in the animal chamber, the animal's FM is calculated in three steps: (1) subtracting moles of CYP remaining in the animal chamber at equilibrium from the moles of CYP injected into the chamber equals the moles of CYP absorbed by the animal (see Appendix 1); (2) subtracting an estimate of the moles of CYP dissolved in the lean mass (equation 12) from the result of step 1 equals the moles of CYP absorbed by the animal's FM (numerator of equation |
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